Harlequin Sheep Society & Registry

Harlequin Generations

Understanding the HSSR generation classification system

Updated Breeding Rules — Effective Fall 2026 Breeding Season
The generation matrix and breeding guidelines below reflect rules that take effect with the Fall 2026 breeding season. Key updates include clarified F0 progression, confirmation that F1BD and F1 are genetically equivalent, and an updated crossbreeding end date. Lambs conceived in the 2035 breeding season and delivered in spring 2036 will be the last generation eligible for Babydoll Southdown outcrossing. After that point, the breed will be closed to all crossbreeding.
AP — American Purebred

The Highest Generation

AP status can be achieved three ways with the following matings: C X C, AP X C, or AP X AP. This is the highest generation in the HSSR registration process and represents the American Purebred Harlequin. The goal is to reach 500 AP Harlequin sheep, at which point the breed will be closed to all outcrossing. Based on current registry projections, this milestone is expected to be reached by 2032.

A Note on F1BD and F1

Generation code update (2026): The generation code formerly displayed as F1-BD (with a dash) is now written as F1BD (no dash) on all HSSR records and certificates. The code and its meaning are unchanged — only the formatting has been standardized.

F1BD (Foundation Cross — Babydoll) and F1 (Foundation) are genetically equivalent. Both represent an animal that is approximately 50% Harlequin genetics. The distinction is one of documentation, not blood percentage:

  • F1BD — the Harlequin parent is a documented, registered Harlequin and the other parent is a registered Babydoll Southdown. This is the current standard for all new foundation crosses.
  • F1 — a legacy code used for foundation animals registered before 2018, when the BD distinction was not yet in use. These animals carry the same genetic standing as F1BD.

Because they are genetically equivalent, F1BD and F1 animals follow the same breeding rules and produce the same offspring generations when paired with any given mate.

F0 Animals and Breed-Up Eligibility

F0 animals are the result of a Babydoll Southdown bred to a non-registered or pre-registry Harlequin. They carry approximately 50% Harlequin genetics but do not yet have fully documented registered parentage on both sides.

Effective Fall 2026, F0 animals may participate in the breed-up program under the following rules:

  • F0 × F1BD, F1, or higher — offspring are registered as F1BD, entering the standard breed-up ladder from that point forward.
  • F0 × F0 or F0 × Babydoll Southdown — offspring are not registerable.

Crossbreeding End Date

The Babydoll Southdown outcrossing program has a defined end date. The last eligible crossbreeding will occur during the 2035 breeding season, with resulting lambs delivered in spring 2036. No new F1BD registrations will be accepted for lambs born after spring 2036. Breeders who wish to participate in the foundation cross program should plan their breeding programs accordingly.

Generation Calculator

Use the calculator below to find the offspring generation for any pairing, see the fastest path to AP from any starting generation, and explore the full cross-reference matrix. The matrix reflects the updated rules effective Fall 2026.

Generation Calculator
Select the generation of each parent to see the offspring's registration generation.
×
Offspring Generation
F2
F2 — Second Foundation

Fastest Path to AP — Starting with F1BD in 2026

Assumes optimal mate sourcing each season. Each row = one lamb crop year.

Note: F1BD and F1 are genetically equivalent (~50% Harlequin). The "BD" suffix indicates the Harlequin parent is documented registered stock; F1 is a legacy code from before 2018. (Prior to 2026, F1BD was written as F1-BD.)
Lamb Year Your Animal Best Mate Offspring
2026 F1BD A F2
2027 F2 F2 FP
2028 FP FP A
2029 A A B
2030 B B C
2031 C C AP
AP reached: 2032 (6 breeding seasons from 2026)  ✓ Within the 2035 program deadline

Full Cross-Reference Matrix

Rows = RAM generation · Columns = EWE generation · Cell = Offspring generation

F1BD = F1 (genetically equivalent). F0 bred to F1 or higher produces F1BD offspring. Like-to-like pairings (e.g. F1×F1) do not step up in generation.
RAM ↓ / EWE → BBD F0 F1BD F1 F2 FP A B C AP
BBD F0 F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD
F0 F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD F1BD
F1BD F0 F1BD F1 F1 F1 F2 F2 F2 F2
F1 F1BD F1 F1 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2
F2 F1BD F1 F2 FP FP FP FP FP FP
FP F1BD F1 F2 FP A A A A A
A F1BD F1BD F2 F2 FP A B B B B
B F1BD F1BD F2 F2 FP A B C C C
C F1BD F1BD F2 F2 FP A B C AP AP
AP F1BD F1BD F2 F2 FP A B C AP AP

Click any cell to load that pairing into the calculator above.   = Not Registerable.

Generation Summary

Generation Category Parent Requirements
F0 Pre-Foundation Babydoll Southdown × unregistered or pre-registry Harlequin — offspring not registerable unless bred to F1BD/F1 or higher
F1BD Foundation Cross Registered Harlequin × Registered Babydoll Southdown (current standard; genetically equivalent to F1)
F1 Foundation Cross (Legacy) Legacy code for foundation animals registered before 2018; genetically equivalent to F1BD
F2 Foundation F1 or F1BD × F2, FP, or higher generation
FP Foundation Pure F2 × F2, or F2 × higher generation
A True Harlequin FP × FP, or FP × higher generation
B True Harlequin A × A, or A × higher generation
C True Harlequin B × B, or B × higher generation
AP American Purebred C X C, AP X C, or AP X AP

* Like-to-like pairings (e.g. F1 × F1, FP × FP) do not advance the generation — a mate of at least the next generation is required to step up. See the Generation Calculator above for the full cross-reference matrix.

The Harlequin Generations Program

Based on the need to increase the gene pool, HSSR closed the Open Registration program as of January 1, 2023. In its place, HSSR introduced a definitive program for outcrossing registered Harlequins to registered Babydoll Southdown sheep.

Babydolls were chosen as the only approved outcross for two reasons: first, Southdown rams were used in the original breed development; second, Babydoll Southdowns offer the opportunity to produce shorter sheep. The primary goal is preserving the Harlequin appearance while bringing shoulder height consistently to 24" or shorter (but not less than 19").

These guidelines apply to all lambs born and registered from 2023 through 2035, at which time no further outcrossing will be allowed.

Foundation Harlequins

F1-BD identifies lambs on their Certificate of Registration (CoR) as a 50% registered Harlequin / 50% registered Babydoll Southdown cross.

  • F1-BD bred back to a registered Harlequin (F1, F2, FP, A, B, C, or AP) produces lambs registered at the resulting generation level shown in the matrix above. There is essentially no genetic difference between F1 and F1-BD generations.
  • Any F1-BD must be bred to either: (1) a registered Babydoll — resulting lambs receive the F0 designation, or (2) a Harlequin of generation A, B, C, or AP — resulting lambs are registered as F2. Cross-breeding of F1-BD generation lambs is allowed until 2035.
  • F1-BD sheep bred back to a registered Babydoll Southdown: their F0 progeny must be bred back to a registered Harlequin of generation A or higher until 2035 to remain eligible for registration.

F2: One parent is F1 and the other parent is a Harlequin of a higher generation, or both parents are F1.

FP (Foundation Pure): One or both parents are F2, or one parent is F2 and the other is a Harlequin of a higher generation.

True Harlequins

A: One or both parents are FP, or one parent is FP and the other is a Harlequin of a higher generation.

B: One or both parents are A, or one parent is A and the other is a Harlequin of a higher generation.

C: One or both parents are B, or one parent is B and the other is a Harlequin of a higher generation.

Purebred Harlequins

AP (American Purebred): Both parents are C Generation. This is the highest generation in the Harlequin registration process and represents the culmination of the breed development program.

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